Media Law Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Law Assignment - Research Paper Example Bruce would clergyman to his dad on the telephone and his stepmother Edie would listen unobtrusively. One morning Edie asked Bruce inquiries about Jesus and she consented to get Jesus. The complainant's claim was that the bulletin had distributed the story on the web, and one of Edith's family members had seen it. Edith Rapp guaranteed that Jews for Jesus erroneously affirmed that she had joined their association. In the other option, the complainant asserted that the association had implied that she had come to put stock in the way of thinking, activities and fundamental of Jews for Jesus. In her second revised grumbling, Edith affirmed among others, bogus light. The court at preliminary permitted Jews for Jesus to have the protest excused, and a few passages to be struck from the objection as the Fourth District court had said that the sections were essentially polemical ' against Jews for Jesus. The preliminary court excused all the ensuing grumblings by Edith Rapp. On offer, the Fourth District tended to the issue of Rapp's excused cases. As to criticism, the court was of the view that the 'regular brain' perusing the bulletin would not discover Edith an object of among others, scorn. The court’s end was correspondence would possibly be abusive if the offended party was preferential according to significant and good minority of the network. The finish of the court was that the standard had not been applied. In any case, the court attested the excusal of his criticism guarantee based on the network standard relevant. Bogus light had its beginning in the precedent-based law tort of attack of security. William L. Prosser, a main researcher in tort law explained the tort of intrusion of protection built up this zone of law. Prosser's proposition was that intrusion of protection was made of four torts, which were unmistakable, and among them was bogus light. The Supreme Court found that components of bogus light and maligning cover. The Supreme Court cont ended that having the trial of exceptionally hostile to a sensible individual standard has the danger of forestalling free discourse in light of the fact that the lead, which is denied, isn't clear. It was the court's assessment that the law of tort is intended to forestall just as reward unjust direct, at that point it ought to be clear in distinguishing the improper lead. The court accordingly found the tort of bogus light couldn't breeze through that assessment. The region where this instructed contrasted with criticism was uncertain and inclined to a great deal of subjectivity. The court found that having exceptionally hostile data perceived in any event, when a sensible individual would discover it profoundly hostile included a segment of subjectivity. In view of the court's survey of the law in Florida and different locales, it expressed that it couldn't disregard the cover among maligning and bogus light. In spite of the fact that the court recognized that in a dominant part of the states recognizes bogus light as a reason for activity, what was striking was the way that the audit of this choice uncovered that no case, wherein judgment was exclusively founded on bogus light reason for activity has ever been fruitful. Taking everything into account, the court declined to perceive bogus light as a reasonable purpose of activity in the province of Florida and subdued the Fourth District's choice in restoring Rapp's bogus light case. 2. Interruption Intrusion is based how an individual from the media carries on. Interruption in this manner relies less upon

Green Tourism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Green Tourism - Coursework Example This exploration means to recognize best ecological practice in the zone of the travel industry in the UK. It is estimated that green the travel industry, which has increased wide acknowledgment, benefits the association or business and the whole network that is exploiting an indigenous habitat. Green the travel industry additionally advances insurance and conservation of the earth. Valid. Yet, while we may advance the travel industry, benefits as a main priority, let us not overlook our condition. Governments and associations, and each individual on this planet earth, need to plan something useful for the world and the earth amidst business and benefits. With the abrupt thus much headway in innovation, included with a quickly developing populace, mother earth has genuinely endured. A dangerous atmospheric devation is a major danger to mankind. As a result of harmful contamination and ecological toxins abandoned by organizations which have no respect for the world, there is far incredible harm done to the earth and man. The travel industry includes individuals, transient individuals, exploiting nature or the earth, and on the off chance that they are not really guided and educated regarding straightforward standards about appropriate utilization of the earth and nature, there will be annihilation on the first manifestations of nature. Visitors, nearby or remote, ought to be guided and permitted to appreciate nature and the earth appropriately, similarly we manage our business foundations and different structures, man-made and common. There ought to be an approach to deal with them appropriately, and furthermore an approach to respond this decency of sightseers from the foundations that the travelers or residents are going through. That is the point of green the travel industry. We will direct our examination about ecological best practice on business foundations in England and Scotland and different pieces of the UK. We will examine green organizations that bring the estimations of ecological manageability into their regular practices. This exploration will include dispersion of surveys and phone meetings to decide the measures they are taking to safeguard and ensure the earth, and help achieve maintainable turn of events. We will likewise be riding the web for sites of organizations and associations with best ecological practices. Over the span of our exploration, we will likewise highlight contextual investigations of associations in their best natural practice. We will feature these contextual investigations in and around England and Scotland to exhibit our speculations. Research Objectives: Our examination targets/questions are: a. What best natural measures are being rehearsed by green organizations in the UK b. By what means can these practices be upgraded or improved c. What are the acceptable acts of green the travel industry d. How is green the travel industry identified with supportable turn of events e. How greens the travel industry help improve business Part 1 1.1 Background Organizations and associations have programs concentrated on best practice. In the travel industry, organizations are urged to getting associations together with green the travel industry topics and supportable devel

Reading Pathways David Sedaris

Reading Pathways David Sedaris The first thing you need to know about me is that I’m VERY particular when it comes to humor, to the point that I sometimes tell people I don’t like comedy at all to avoid conversations about why I don’t like this or haven’t seen/read that. Needless to say, I don’t often find myself drawn toward books (or any form of entertainment) that are on the lighthearted, “let’s-all-chuckle-at-some-silly-jokes-and-not-use-our-brains” side of things. Instead, I tend to gravitate toward the dark, depressing, or mind-fuck-y. Things that make me cry, mutter “holy shit” over and over, or give me an existential crisis often rocket to the top of my these-are-amazing-and-I-love-them list. All that being said, there are, of course, times for laughs. When such a time comes along, the type of humor that appeals to me most is sarcastic and dry. Enter David Sedaris. I was introduced to Sedaris’ writing in high school and immediately fell in love with his acerbic, yet self-deprecating voice. The best-selling humorist has authored many works, mostly essay collections, but made his debut reading his stories on NPR after being discovered by Ira Glass, and continues to contribute from time to time to the radio show and podcast This American Life. The way Sedaris views the world, through a biting and exaggerated lens, is both unique and extremely relatable. Even through his satirical tone, he examines truly human experiences and feelings in an honest and unreserved way. Sedaris’ ability to blend his sharp wit with empathy and charm makes him one of the few authors I turn to to make me laugh out loud and warm my dark, cynical heart. So naturally, if anyone comes to me looking for funny recommendations, David Sedaris is the first name that comes out of my mouth. Each one of his books is an absolute riot, but here are some suggestions to get started. It isn’t a full book, but the first thing I always recommend to people who want to get into David Sedaris is his essay “SantaLand Diaries,” which can be found in his first collection of stories and essays, published in 1994, Barrel Fever. A version of this essay is actually the piece Sedaris read on NPR for his original debut, so it truly acts as an introduction to his voice and style. “SantaLand Diaries” recounts the holiday season Sedaris spent working as an elf at a Macy’s department store in New York City. We meet the other eccentric elves, the various Santas (yes, there’s more than one!), as well as the many visitors to SantaLand. Sedaris is not concerned with being appropriate or politically correct, and doesn’t try to maintain any sense of a facade. Instead, he simply expresses what he thinks about each of the people he encounters and the hijinks that occur in SantaLand bluntly and without any shred of hesitation. This essay is an absolute must-read I reread i t every year around the holidays and still find moments that make me laugh out loud every time. Who needs Christmas cheer when they can have Crumpet the disenchanted elf? Once you’ve gotten the proper introduction to David Sedaris, the next work and first full collection I like to recommend is Me Talk Pretty One Day. This is probably one of Sedaris’ most well-known essay collections, and my favorite overall. The collection is split into two parts, the first containing stories about Sedaris’ upbringing and early adult life, and the second containing stories about moving to France with his partner Hugh and the attempts to acclimate to life in a foreign country. Topics of the essays include childhood pets, odd jobs, restaurant menus, and the difficulties of learning a new language. Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk is a unique collection of fable-like stories starring anthropomorphized animals, but missing none of Sedaris’ typical observation of the human condition. A squirrel and a chipmunk fall into a forbidden love, a warbler couple entertain their friends with stories of their travels, a cat attends mandated AA meetings in prison, and much more. As an added bonus, the book is sprinkled with wonderful illustrations by Ian Falconer, the author of the beloved Olivia series.

Social Medical Model Disability - 1203 Words

The social and medical model of disability There are a number of ‘models’ of disability which have been defined over the last few years. The two most frequently mentioned are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models of disability. The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual affected. For example, if a wheelchair using student is unable to get into a building because of some steps, the medical model would suggest that this is because of the wheelchair, rather than the steps. The social model of disability, in contrast, would see the steps as the disabling barrier. This model draws on the idea that it is†¦show more content†¦This model draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person. Some examples of a medical model approach might be: a course leaderShow MoreRelatedThe Medical And Social Models Of Disability2264 Words   |  10 Pages What do you understand by the medical and social models of disability? Illustrate your answer with examples from your media portfolio. The social and medical model are separate elements which have a big impact on people’s life. Disability as a whole influences society because we start from a young age learning, which will effect the kind of person we are and the kind of person we become. The word ‘model’ helps define the disability and understand the concepts in which it is perceived by individualsRead More Social and Medical Disability Models Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesI aim to provide the reader with an overview of two prominent models of disability: the medical model and the social model. More specifically, I intend to outline the differences between these models, especially their theory and practice. Firstly, I will note the definition of what a model of disability is and point to its relevance in disability studies. I will also briefly examine the origins of both the medical and social models, but mainly outlining the contributions of their respective theoreticalRead MoreMedical and Social Models of Disability Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesIt could be said that in modern industrial society, Disability is still widely regarded as tragic individual failing, in which its â€Å"victims† require care, sympathy and medical diagnosis. Whilst medical science has served to improve and enhance the quality of life for many it could be argued that it has also led to further segregation and separation of many individuals. This could be caused by its insistence on labelling one as â€Å"sick†, â€Å"abnormal† or â€Å"mental†. Consequently, what this act of labellingRead More3.3 Explain the Social and Medical Models of Disability and the Impact of Each on Practic e.998 Words   |  4 PagesSocial models and medical models of disability By labelling a child because of there disability can prevent us as seeing the child as a whole person like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society. The social model of disability looks at ways to address issues to enable peopleRead MoreEquality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children1275 Words   |  6 Pagesand accept that the child is different. Medical model of Disability- The medical model is based on that children must adapt to the environment that exists, for example in my school there is down’s syndrome boy he attends all lessons, but he has a support worker who is helping him. We assume that the child will adapt to our atmosphere, this means that the boy will depend more and more of others to help him. Social Model of Disability- The social model is more about the school adapting thingsRead MoreSocial Model And The Medical Model1559 Words   |  7 PagesCassie Bestwick There a ride range of different models, the two most prominent are the Social model and the Medical model. The Medical model is the model which places the blame on the person with the disability, instead of the stairs it would be the wheelchairs problem. Simon Brisenden (1993) states that the Medical model of disability has a great emphasis on the clinical diagnosis, how doctors suggest medical treatment and hospitalization even though it may not improve the quality of life for thatRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability1551 Words   |  7 Pages The medical model of disability has done a great disservice to people with disabilities in American society. It has helped shape and continues to perpetuate a belief system that people with disabilities are weak, dependent, and incapable of performing like â€Å"normal† people. This paper examines how the medical model influences society’s perceptions of disability through the use of language and the media which cause people with disabilities to be marginalized and experience inequalities. Under theRead MoreUnderstand The Context Of Supporting Individuals With Learning Disabilities1394 Words   |  6 Pageswith learning disabilities. Identify legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equality and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities. I can identify the polices and legislation designed to promote inclusion, human rights of individuals with learning disabilities and of their citizenship and equal life chances i.e. National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability Discrimination Act 2005; Equality Act 2010; Disability Equality DutyRead MoreUnit 201 Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals with learning disabilities (LD 201) OUTCOME 1 Understand the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals with learning disabilities. 1.1. Identify four legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability Discrimination Act 2005; Equality Act 2010; Disability Equality Duty 2006Read MoreSupport Services Available For People Living With Disabilities809 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many support services available for people living with disabilities. It is important these services are in place to ensure disabled people have the same opportunities as everyone else. The Equality Act was put into place in 2010 to ‘support the rights of disabled students by giving greater legal protection against discrimination’. (Disability Rights UK, 2012) The act emphasises the legal duty on education providers, employers and service providers to make appropriate changes in order for

Heres What I Know About Admission Essay Writing Help

Here's What I Know About Admission Essay Writing Help There are lots of writing agencies which will be able to help you write your essay. There are many places it's possible to get help with the essay. When you purchase an essay from us, you're guaranteed to relish individual approach because essay help given by our writers is always customized based on your requirements. All you need to do is essay us with the precise assignment instructions you have gotten from your teacher. Simply take the opportunity to check around our site and discover how simple it essay is to writers your assignment, whatever it could be, written admission our talented on-line group of essay writers. The hardest portion of everything is most likely the essay! It's essential to locate a detailed comprehension of the thoughts that you're very very likely to cite on your own essay. The essay's structure is very important when you wish to demonstrate your mind is formally trained. You don't really need to find essay writing solutions either. You truly don't will need to find essay writing solutions either. The Hidden Truth About Admission Essay Writing Help Our admission essay writing service offers you the ideal writing help at reasonable prices and what's even better you always have the option to entrust your essay writing issues to our professional group of writers! Choosing online essay writers isn't a nightmare anymore. Possibly the most often knowledgeable paper writing service that most our consumers need is essay writing. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the vast majority of our clients require is essay writing. Before you begin composing your paper, you shall want to discover more regarding the topic you've selected. Present yourself in an honest way, and you'll fnd it a great deal simpler to compose an essay about your genuine thoughts and feelings. After you inform us about all the paper info, we will commence browsing for a suitable writer for your paper. As soon as you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin trying to find an acceptable writer for your paper. It's perfectly fine to obtain custom application essay because sometimes there's too much on your shoulders, and you may use some help. There are lots of forms to complete, and all of your academic accomplishments are carefully looked into. An educational essay is probably the toughest type of assignment which should truly be accomplished with total care and consideration. There is an extensive selection of writing services out there, and all of these offer certain advantages. Obviously, it helps for students to find an idea about what is writers service in an essay to acquire a better perspective on expectations. Frequently the students who get case study assignments for the very first time don't fully understand the significance of the undertaking. Admission Essay Writing Services Many students underestimate the value of a very good admission essay. Academic documents can't incorporate any signals of plagiarism. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. The tone in your admission essay ought to be conversational but not casual. If you've already graduated from college or university and are trying to find a superior job, you will need to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. An admission essay is a chance to express yourself and inform the selection panel which you are the appropriate student for that specific career. It requires a lot of time as you need to put every detail in its right place. Admission essay is just one of the most essential academic papers in your life as it determines whether you're going to be in a position to join the college you need or not. So, now you know that in the event that you aim to make an application for a College or University, you are supposed to submit an admission essay. Students have to use the most suitable language as a means to write the best content. Admission Essay Writing Help - Dead or Alive? The ideal way to outline a guide is definitely to begin by scanning it by means of a specific first time immediately. The heart'' of your essay is your understanding and experience within the field you are likely to be successful in. In order to be noticed, terrific admission essay help can certainly do just fine.

Grievance Redress Mechanism in Government Free Essays

string(158) " and take decisions or review decisions already taken, in consultation with Secretary/HOD even in those areas which do not fall within his/her domain/charge\." GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM IN GOVERNMENT GRIEVANCE REDRESS 1. 1Â  Grievance Redress Mechanism is part and parcel of the machinery of any administration. No administration can claim to be accountable, responsive and user-friendly unless it has established an efficient and effective grievance redress mechanism. We will write a custom essay sample on Grievance Redress Mechanism in Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, the grievance redress mechanism of an organization is the gauge to measure its efficiency and effectiveness as it provides important feedback on the working of the administration. I. (A) STRUCTURE OF GRIEVANCE REDRESS MACHINERY AT APEX LEVEL The grievances of public are received at various points in the Government of India . There are primarily two designated nodal agencies in the Central Government handling these grievances. These agencies are:- (i)Â  Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances Pensions (ii)Â  Directorate of Public Grievances, Cabinet Secretariat Department of Administrative Reforms Public Grievances 2. 1Â  Department of Administrative Reforms Public Grievances is the nodal agency in respect of policy initiatives on public grievances redress mechanism and citizen centric initiatives. The role of Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances consists primarily to undertake such citizen-centric initiatives in the fields of administration reforms and public grievances in the Government so as to enable the Government machinery to deliver quality public services to the citizen in a hassle-free manner and eliminate the causes of grievance. 2. 2Â  The grievances received by the Department are forwarded to the concerned Ministries/Departments/State Governments/UTs, who are dealing with the substantive function linked with the grievance for redress under intimation to the complainant. The Department ‘takes up’ about 1000 grievances every year depending upon the seriousness of the grievance and follows them regularly till their final disposal. This enables the Department to evaluate the effectiveness of the grievance redress machinery of the concerned government agency. 2. 3Â  On the basis of the grievances received, Department identifies the problem areas in Government which are complaint-prone. These problem areas are then subjected to studies and remedial measures are suggested to the Department/Organisation concerned. Directorate of Public Grievances (DPG) . 1Â  Based on the review of the public grievances redress machinery in Government of India carried out in 1987, the Directorate of Public Grievances was set up in the Cabinet Secretariat with effect from 01. 04. 88. This Directorate was set up initially to look into individual complaints pertaining to four Central Government Departments which were more prone to public complaints. Subsequently, more Departments having larger public interface were added to its purview and presently this Directorate is handling grievances pertaining to 16 Central Government Organisations. . 2Â  The Directorate was envisaged as an appellate body investigating grievances selectively and particularly those where the complainant had failed to get redress at the hands of internal machinery and the hierarchical authorities. Unlike the Department of ARPG, Directorate of Public Grievances has been empowered to call for the files and officers for discussion to see that grievance handling has been done in a fair, objective and just manner. Wherever the Directorate is satisfied that the grievance has not been dealt in such a manner, it makes suitable recommendations for consideration and adoption by the concerned Ministry/Department which are required to be implemented within a period of one month. 3. 3Â  The empowered and enlightened citizenry of today is far more demanding and the government, therefore, has to develop, evolve and enable itself to meet the evolving demands of the society that it has to serve. The society oday is impatient with the old system of governance which is not coming up to its expectations. To them, a government employee is perceived as insensitive, aloof, corrupt and overall the administrative system as autocratic, opaque and with no work culture 3. 4Â  This requires a paradigm shift in governance to a system where the citizen is in the center and he is consulted at various stages of formulation and implementation of public policy. To achieve this objective, India needs a public service whic h is capable, innovative and forward looking. The traditional role of civil service which was of administrator, service provider and controller of development activities has to make way for the new roles of facilitator and regulator so as to create best environment and conditions in the country for building a nation of excellence. 3. 5Â  Department of Administrative Reforms Public Grievances is the nodal agency in Government of India for formulation and implementation of such policies and strategic initiatives so as to enable and equip the government machinery to meet the challenges involved in achieving this objective. . 6Â  Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances is the driving engine of reforms in administration and governance. The Department proposes to introduce and lead Change to establish a public service of quality, efficiency, integrity and effectiveness and modernize the public service. It is the nodal agency in government for facilitating administrative improvements and reengineering of processes across the government. Citizen’s Charter initiative, Public Grievance Policy, Quality Management in Government, e-Governance, Review of Administrative Laws etc. Documentation and Dissemination of Best Practices, Organisation Methods, Information Facilitation Counters, Civil Services Reforms are some of the areas under the ambit of Department of Administrative Reforms Public Grievances. 3. 7Â  Following are the necessary conditions for successful implementation of any reforms agenda: –Â  Political mandate –Â  Committed and strong executive –Â  Willingness and capability to take on vested interests in the system II. (A) PUBLIC GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM IN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS/ ORGANISATIONS 4. Â  The Public Grievance Redress Mechanism functions in Government of India on a decentralized basis. The Central Government Ministries/Departments, their attached and subordinate offices and the autonomous bodies dealing with substantive functions as per Allocations of Business Rules, 1961 have their respective grievance redress machinery. An officer of the level of Joint Secretary is required to be de signated as Director of Grievances of the Ministry/Department/Organisation. The role and functions of Directors of Grievances are given in Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances O. M. no. 1/PLCY/PG-88(7) dated 01. 03. 1988. This inter alia empowers the Directors of Grievances to call for files/reports and take decisions or review decisions already taken, in consultation with Secretary/HOD even in those areas which do not fall within his/her domain/charge. You read "Grievance Redress Mechanism in Government" in category "Essay examples" 4. 2Â  The functioning of Public Grievance Redress Machineries in various Ministries/Departments/Organisations is regularly reviewed by a Standing Committee of Secretaries under the Chairmanship of Cabinet Secretary with Additional Secretary Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances as member-secretary. . 3Â  With a view to ensure prompt and effective redress to the grievances, a number of instructions have been issued by Department of ARPG from time to time which, inter alia include:- (a)Â  Observe every Wednesday as a meetingless day in the Central Secretariat Offices when all the officers above a specified level should be available their desks from 1000hrs. to 1300hrs. to receive and hear public grievances. Field level offices having contact with the public have also to declare one day in the week as a meetingless day. b)Â  Designate a Joint Secretary level officer as Director of Grievances including in autonomous bodies and public sector undertakings. (c)Â  Deal with every grievance in a fair, objective and just manner and issue reasoned speaking reply for every grievance rejected. (d)Â  Analyse public grievances received to help identification of the problem areas in which modifications of policies and procedures could be undertaken with a view to making the delivery of services easier and more expeditious. e)Â  Issue booklets/pamphlets about the schemes/services available to the public indicating the procedure and manner in which these can be availed and the right authority to be contacted for service as also the grievance redress authority. (f)Â  Pick up grievances appearing in newspaper columns which relate to them and take remedial action on them in a time bound manner. Issue rejoinders to newspapers after investigation in cases which are found to be baseless and/or damaging to the image of the Organisation. g)Â  Strengthen the machinery for redress of public grievance through, strictly observing meetingless day, displaying name designation, room number, telephone number etc. of Director of Grievances at the reception and other convenient places, placing locked complaint box at reception. (h)Â  Set up Staff Grievance Redress Machinery and designate a Staff Grievance Officer. (i)Â  Include the public grievances work and receipt/disposal statistics relating to redress of public grievances in the Annual Action Plan and Annual Administrative Report of the Ministries/Departments. j)Â  Fix time limits for disposal of work relating to public grievances and staff grievances and strictly adhere to them. (k)Â  Acknowledge each grievance petition within thr ee days of receipt, indicating the name, designation and telephone number of the official who is processing the case. The time frame in which a reply will be sent should also be indicated. (l)Â  Constitute Lok Adalats/Staff Adalats, if not already constituted, and hold them every quarter for quicker disposal of public as well as staff grievances and pensioners’ grievances. m)Â  Constitute a Social Audit Panel or such other machinery, if not already constituted, for examining areas of public interface with a view to recommending essential changes in procedures to make the organization more people-friendly. (n)Â  Establish a single window system at points of public contact, wherever possible to facilitate disposal of applications. (o)Â  Indicating telephone/fax number of the officer whose signature over a communication regarding the decision/reply is to issue to the petitioner. p)Â  Monitoring of grievances in organisations under Ministries/Departments on a monthly basis. (q)Â  Publicising the grievance redress mechanism through the print and electronic media. (r)Â  Review of receipt and disposal of grievances by Secretaries of Ministries/Departments in the weekly meetings taken by them. (B) TYPES OF PUBLIC GRIEVANCES 5. 1Â  An analysis of grievances received in Department of Administrative Reforms Public Grievances and Directorate of Public Grievances has revealed that the majority of grievances related to inordinate delay in aking decisions, extending from several months to several years and refusal/inability to make speaking replies/disclose basic information to the petitioners to enable them to examine whether their cases have been correctly decided. It is observed that, had the concerned organizations expeditiously and appropriately dealt with the grievances in the first instance, the complainants would not have approached Department of Administrative Reforms Public Grievances/Directorate of Public Grievances. (C) SYSTEMIC PROBLEM AREAS 6. Â  There are rules, regulations, instructions which are archaic and aimed at shifting the work towards citizens. Slackness in administration, low morale of the services, inherent inertia, absence of incentives, lack of proper authority and accountability are the delay-breeders and the delay is the major factor that generates the grievances. These factors need to be tackled properly through systematic changes. Prevention is better than cure. On these lines, the best method to redress a grievance is not to allow the grievance to arise at the first instance. Even the redress of a grievance, that arose on account of delay, is also delayed as is revealed by the analysis of grievances according to which on a average six months are taken to redress a grievance. 6. 2Â  Many a times Departments/Organisations are found to avoid taking appropriate decisions by resorting to rejection without application of mind, not taking appropriate interest in functioning of subsidiary offices/linked autonomous organizations, and emphasize on disposal and not on the quality disposal. Decisions taken earlier are reiterated without subjecting the cases of independent examination. There is an inertia to review decisions taken by down-the-line functionaries. In many cases Departments/Organisations justify the delay and continue with their inability to take decisions by putting the onus on another agency or on the petitioner. Many a times, the actual cause of grievance lay in internal inefficiency of the system and failure to identify simple systemic solutions. It is also observed that the time norms set by Departments for providing services were not being adhered to in many cases. . 3Â  There is no doubt that grievances continue to arise because of a high systemic tolerance for delay, poor work quality and non-accountability in every day performance of functions. Failure to review archaic, redundant and incongruous rules, policies and procedures and to initiate simple, workable systemic changes is another cause for grievance generation. However, Departments and Orga nisations, which work with policies and procedures on a day-to-day basis, do not appear to have developed the ability to continually look ‘within’ and identify deficiencies. All these factors have ensured that grievances, once arisen, many a time do not get resolved in ‘normal’ course and need intervention at the highest administrative level. 6. 4Â  Slackness in efficient functioning of ‘Directors of Grievances’ is identified as one of the prime cause for continuing delay in redress of grievances. Poor work quality, non-accountability in everyday performance of functions and failure to systemically review policies/procedures and suggest systemic changes are other important causes. In most Ministries, Departments and Organisations, the mechanism of Director of Grievances is not functioning as per the mandate prescribed. (D) Focus Areas 7. 1Â  In this context, it is the need of the time that the Government should review its pledge of providing hassle-free public services to the citizens by focusing on systemic changes to minimize the grievances in Government domain. In order to achieve this objective in a focused manner, it is necessary to evolve a multi-pronged strategy to be implemented in a time-bound and effective manner. Keeping in view the various factors involved in grievance redress issue, following areas need focused attention : 7. 2 Performance Review – Foreseeing areas of dissatisfaction (a)Â  To review processes, functions etc. in the organization and to cast them pro-actively in a manner that would foresee areas of dissatisfaction, identify activities where transparency, equity, prudence and propriety are compromised, interventions that can help achieve better outcomes, improve satisfaction of internal and external stakeholders. b)Â  An annual review of laws, rules, regulations, instructions and procedures be carried out with a view to simplify the procedure making the administration more transparent, accountable and citizen-friendly. Information Technology should be employed in re-engineering of governmental processes in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness and ensuring transparency and accountability. 7. 3 Identification of Grievance Prone Areas and Analysis (a)Â  Identif y areas susceptible to corruption and/or grievance generation and conduct work audit of such areas. In addition, consider external/social audit in areas of very high public interface, with the aim of identifying wrong doers and improving processes and systems. Involve NGOs in the exercise. (b)Â  Analyse the nature and causes of grievances with the aim of identifying systemic deficiencies in laws, rules, regulations, policies, instructions, work practices and procedures, and effecting systemic changes to remove/correct these deficiencies. The Directors of Grievances be the nodal officers for such purpose. The analysis should be conducted in the month of April every year and studies of identified grievance prone areas be undertaken. Recommendations made in the studies should be implemented by December of that year so as to bring systemic changes and remove the Causes of grievances. (c)Â  Fix responsibility in each and every case of delay, default or dereliction in performance of every day duties on failure to deliver services, and take disciplinary action to avoid recurrence. This will send a clear signal that in the event of failure to perform duties or deal appropriately with grievances within the time frame norms prescribed, a real possibility of having responsibility fixed on one’s shoulder exists. Consider the feasibility of prescribing specific penalty clauses in such cases. 7. 4 Citizen’s Charter Formulation and effective implementation of Citizen’s Charters, which should, inter-alia, include disclosure of time norms for providing various services to the citizens/clients and details of all levels of grievance redress machinery that may be approached. 7. 5 Information Facilitation Counters (IFC) Setting up and effective operationalisation of IFC’s civic society may be involved in the functioning of IFCs to make them citizen- friendly and effective. 7. 6 On Line Registration of Grievances Make ‘Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System’ (PGRAMS) software, operational with every Director of Grievances. This shall enable the Director of Grievances to immediately place the details of grievances received in a database (efficient ‘dak’ management) as well as record the fact whether he intends to monitor its progress, identify the section/division where it is being sent, etc. , generate the time taken in dealing with the grievance, enable review of pending grievances in the organisation or across the organisations, generate acknowledgements to complainants, conduct analysis etc. The system should also have the facility of on-line registration of grievances by the citizens and access to information on the status of his/her grievances. 7. 7 Prompt and Effective Redress of Grievances (a)Â  ll grievances should be necessarily acknowledged, with an interim reply within 3 days of receipt and redressed within 3 months of receipt in the Organisation. The same time limit should apply even if co-ordination with subsidiary offices or another Department/Organisation is involved. In such instances special efforts, to be suo moto disclosed when reports are called, should be made. b)Â  No grievance is to be rejected without having been independently examined. At a minimum, this means that an officer superior, to the one who delayed taking the original decision or took the original decision that is cause for grievance, should actually examine the case as well as the reply, intended to be sent to the grievance holder. (c)Â  Make the ‘Director of Grievances’ e ffective through the following inter-related steps: (i)Â  Secretaries/Organisational Heads ensuring that Directors of Grievances are fully ‘empowered’ in accordance with instructions to perform their role. ii)Â  All grievance representations received in the Department/Organisation, either by mail, fax, e-mail to be invariably routed through Director of Grievances before they go to concerned sections/divisions. At this stage, Office of the Director of Grievances shall go through the representations and come to a prima-facie view regarding the gravity of the matter involved and decide whether it shall monitor the case or allow down-the-line functionaries to independently deal with it. Directors of Grievances should monitor and follow up at least 3 to 5 percent of grievances received to enable them to assess the efficacy of grievance redress mechanism. (iii)Â  Fix responsibility in each case of delay, default and dereliction of duty, identified by Director of Grievances, and take appropriate action against concerned personnel. In addition, consider feasibility of prescribing specific penalty clauses for such failures. 7. 8 Review and Monitoring of Grievance Redress Mechanism Ensure meaningful review of the performance of grievance redress machinery of the Ministry/Organisation as well as that of attached/ subordinate organization by Secretary/ Head of the Department on a monthly basis. Review should also cover action against defaulters. III. ROLE OF REGULATORS, OMBUDSMAN AND LIKE BODIES 8. 1Â  An explosive issue today in context of public grievance redress is the pace and phasing of the movement towards open markets after the gradual abandonment of centralized planning model. The Government is today withdrawing from various service sectors traditionally monopolosized by it and private enterprise is moving in. This may lead to a scenario where the Government monopolies are replaced by even more vicious private monopolies or cartels in the absence of adequate regulation, enforcement and recourse to grievance redress. 8. 2Â  This has significant implications for the role of Government. The Government can not just abandon the interests of citizens to be taken care of by the market forces in areas of service delivery covered by the private sector. In the open market scenario, it is often the major stakeholders and players which define the cost, quality and mechanism etc. of service delivery. 8. 3Â  The Government therefore needs to put in place appropriate mechanisms in the regulatory authorities, ombudsmen and like bodies in such sectors so that the concerns of individual citizens are also accorded equal importance and weightage and are appropriately and effectively addressed. They should safeguard the interests of the common citizens and ensure that the grievances of the citizens are attended to promptly and effectively. How to cite Grievance Redress Mechanism in Government, Essay examples

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding Essays - Freudian Psychology

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Pieces of the Puzzle: the Island as a Macrocosm of Man In viewing the various aspects of the island society in Golding's Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society, a converse perspective must also be considered. Golding's island of marooned youngsters then becomes a macrocosm, wherein the island represents the individual human and the various characters and symbols the elements of the human psyche. As such, Golding's world of children's morals and actions then becomes a survey of the human condition, both individually and collectively. Almost textbook in their portrayal, the primary characters of Jack, Ralph and Piggy are then best interpreted as Freud's very concepts of id, ego and superego, respectively. As the id of the island, Jack's actions are the most blatantly driven by animalistically rapacious gratification needs. In discovering the thrill of the hunt, his pleasure drive is emphasized, purported by Freud to be the basic human need to be gratified. In much the same way, Golding's portrayal of a hunt as a rape, with th e boys ravenously jumping atop the pig and brutalizing it, alludes to Freud's basis of the pleasure drive in the libido, the term serving a double Lntendre in its psychodynamic and physically sensual sense. Jack's unwillingness to acknowledge the conch as the source of centrality on the island and Ralph as the seat of power is consistent with the portrayal of his particular self-importance. Freud also linked the id to what he called the destructive drive, the aggressiveness of self-ruin. Jack's antithetical lack of compassion for nature, for others, and ultimately for himself is thoroughly evidenced in his needless hunting, his role in the brutal murders of Simon and Piggy, and finally in his burning of the entire island, even at the cost of his own life. In much the same way, Piggy's demeanor and very character links him to the superego, the conscience factor in Freud's model of the psyche. Golding marks Piggy with the distinction of being more intellectually mature than the others, branding him with a connection to a higher authority: the outside world. It is because the superego is dependent on outside support that Piggy fares the worst out of the three major characters in the isolat ion of the island. Piggy is described as being more socially compatible with adults, and carries himself with a sense of rationale and purpose that often serves as Ralph's moral compass in crisis; although Ralph initially uses the conch to call the others, it is Piggy who possesses the knowledge to blow it as a signal despite his inability to do so. Similarly, Piggy's glasses are the only artifact of outside technology on the island, further indication of his correlation to greater moral forces. In an almost gothic vein, these same glasses are the only source of fire on the island, not only necessary for the boys' rescue, but responsible for their ultimate destruction. Thus does fire, and likewise Piggy's glasses, become a source of power. Piggy's ideals are those most in conflict with Jack's overwhelming hunger for power and satiation. It is in between these representations of chaos and order that Ralph falls. Golding's depiction of Ralph as leader is analogous to Freud's placement of the ego at the c enter of the psyche. Ralph performs as the island's ego as he must offset the raw desires of the id with the environment using the superego as a balancing tool. This definition is consistent with Ralph's actions, patronizing Jack's wish to hunt with their collective need to be rescued, often turning to Piggy for advice. Initially, in the relative harmony of the island society's early emergence, Ralph is able to balance the opposing id and superego influences in order to forge a purpose: rescue. It is only as the balance devolves that the fate of the island's inhabitants is darkly determined. Among Ralph, Piggy and Jack exists a constant struggle to assert their particular visions over the island. As the authority of leadership by default falls to Ralph, the conch then becomes symbolic of the consciousness. Its possession rotates between Ralph and Piggy in order to determine logical courses of action for the boys. Jack however, constantly