Lord Of The Flies By William Golding Essays - Freudian Psychology

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Pieces of the Puzzle: the Island as a Macrocosm of Man In viewing the various aspects of the island society in Golding's Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society, a converse perspective must also be considered. Golding's island of marooned youngsters then becomes a macrocosm, wherein the island represents the individual human and the various characters and symbols the elements of the human psyche. As such, Golding's world of children's morals and actions then becomes a survey of the human condition, both individually and collectively. Almost textbook in their portrayal, the primary characters of Jack, Ralph and Piggy are then best interpreted as Freud's very concepts of id, ego and superego, respectively. As the id of the island, Jack's actions are the most blatantly driven by animalistically rapacious gratification needs. In discovering the thrill of the hunt, his pleasure drive is emphasized, purported by Freud to be the basic human need to be gratified. In much the same way, Golding's portrayal of a hunt as a rape, with th e boys ravenously jumping atop the pig and brutalizing it, alludes to Freud's basis of the pleasure drive in the libido, the term serving a double Lntendre in its psychodynamic and physically sensual sense. Jack's unwillingness to acknowledge the conch as the source of centrality on the island and Ralph as the seat of power is consistent with the portrayal of his particular self-importance. Freud also linked the id to what he called the destructive drive, the aggressiveness of self-ruin. Jack's antithetical lack of compassion for nature, for others, and ultimately for himself is thoroughly evidenced in his needless hunting, his role in the brutal murders of Simon and Piggy, and finally in his burning of the entire island, even at the cost of his own life. In much the same way, Piggy's demeanor and very character links him to the superego, the conscience factor in Freud's model of the psyche. Golding marks Piggy with the distinction of being more intellectually mature than the others, branding him with a connection to a higher authority: the outside world. It is because the superego is dependent on outside support that Piggy fares the worst out of the three major characters in the isolat ion of the island. Piggy is described as being more socially compatible with adults, and carries himself with a sense of rationale and purpose that often serves as Ralph's moral compass in crisis; although Ralph initially uses the conch to call the others, it is Piggy who possesses the knowledge to blow it as a signal despite his inability to do so. Similarly, Piggy's glasses are the only artifact of outside technology on the island, further indication of his correlation to greater moral forces. In an almost gothic vein, these same glasses are the only source of fire on the island, not only necessary for the boys' rescue, but responsible for their ultimate destruction. Thus does fire, and likewise Piggy's glasses, become a source of power. Piggy's ideals are those most in conflict with Jack's overwhelming hunger for power and satiation. It is in between these representations of chaos and order that Ralph falls. Golding's depiction of Ralph as leader is analogous to Freud's placement of the ego at the c enter of the psyche. Ralph performs as the island's ego as he must offset the raw desires of the id with the environment using the superego as a balancing tool. This definition is consistent with Ralph's actions, patronizing Jack's wish to hunt with their collective need to be rescued, often turning to Piggy for advice. Initially, in the relative harmony of the island society's early emergence, Ralph is able to balance the opposing id and superego influences in order to forge a purpose: rescue. It is only as the balance devolves that the fate of the island's inhabitants is darkly determined. Among Ralph, Piggy and Jack exists a constant struggle to assert their particular visions over the island. As the authority of leadership by default falls to Ralph, the conch then becomes symbolic of the consciousness. Its possession rotates between Ralph and Piggy in order to determine logical courses of action for the boys. Jack however, constantly

Reflection Summary Essays

Reflection Summary Essays Reflection Summary Essay Reflection Summary Essay Essay Topic: The Outsiders Reflection Summary Name: Course: Date: Question 1 Reflection How is â€Å"the local† valued (or not valued) in a community that you are familiar with? The locals in the Willow Glen Community in San Jose, in the United States of America, are valued on various but fundamental aspects that constitute the community. This is mainly attributed by the acknowledgement of the local aspects by outsiders who do not understand how the local community functions. Such aspects comprise the knowledge of the locals, the culture, resources, skills and processes. By acknowledging such aspects, the outsiders and the local people are able to interact positively and work together in harmony and concord. On the subject of local knowledge, it is correct to assert that the locals know most about their respective communities than the outsiders. However, most people tend to rely on external expertise in order to provide solutions for problems affecting the community. Utilizing the knowledge of external expertise devalues the local people’s knowledge since such experts are mostly outsiders. For instance, the Willow Glen community works with local groups such as Martha’s Kitchen and the Sacred Heart Community Service to provide basic needs for the homeless in the community. This enables the community to cater for its inhabitants without relying on outside groups. Both locals and outsiders need to have confidence in the local knowledge available. It is also noteworthy for outsiders to know and learn about the local culture. Since local culture refers to the practices and customs of the community, outsiders often are precarious about the local culture. For instance, every December on Christmas Day, the residents of the Willow Glen community decorate Christmas trees on the residents’ front yards. The event is an annual event comprising culture of the San Jose Community and is a common tradition among the residents. Therefore, learning about the culture enables the outsiders to value the local customs and practices as well as be cautious regarding rare occurrences of harmful practices. Outsiders require taking advantage of the local resources in the community. Local resources comprise the products and services a community locally creates. For instance, the Willow Glen Community Center relies on local produce in order to provide healthy and nutritious food for the visitors such as children and aged adults. Hence, by investing in local products, the community benefits since it becomes developed. Furthermore, investing in the local products and services enables the capacity of the local people. Additionally, the community will be able to rely on itself for the provision of communal amenities and even fund its own community projects. The local people also need to utilize their own resources to further their own community. Both the outsider and local person should value the local skills. Community workers are skilful workers in the community, and they work around their respective communities in order to improve the locals’ welfare. However, for a community to develop, the local people require to involve themselves in learning about the workers’ skills and participate in the community work. The outsiders are not an exception. For instance, The Willow Glen Community works together with the Willow Glen Business Action to incorporate a benefit improvement program that will transform the business district of the community. Hence, by working together with the community workers, the outsiders and the local people will be able to build relationships and work in solidarity. Outsiders should learn about the processes in the community. The processes dictate how the community works. For instance, locals at the Willow Glen community have specific times set for local meetings in order to discuss the welfare of their community. Hence, it is necessary for outsiders to learn about such processes because some of the processes can be easily ignored leading to disruption of the event. Furthermore, ignoring the community’s processes can make the outsiders change the event leading to discord leading to a negative perception of the developers by the local people since such processes should be respected. Therefore, taking an interest in the community processes induces the locals to perceive the outsiders in a positive way and appreciate them. In retrospect, the local community is knowledgeable on the fundamental aspects that constitute the community in which they live and they should portray this knowledge to outsiders. In addition, outsiders should know and learn the local culture and through its appreciation, they should enhance the local resources in the community. Question 2 Summary The chapter, the Development Hoax, discusses the paradox nature of development. Using the region of Ladakh, the chapter defines the irony associated with development by using the region as an illustration to outline the absurdity of development in the modern context. Ladakh was once a region that adopted conventional practices and the locals were able to be self-reliant and emphasize on contentment rather than material comfort. However, with the influence of the common paradigm known as modernization or westernization, the region immediately besmirched because of the increase in environmental degradation, greed and material gain: aspects that define the notion termed as development. The agents of development are perceived to be associated with technological advancements and economic growth. To incorporate such objectives, labor and capital intensive methods are required to inculcate the Westernized from of development, which comprises heavy infrastructure. However, the unfavorable as pect of such activities is never realized. The characteristics of development are not different around the world: hence, it is valid to enhance a broad generalization of development since it comprises the creation of a single economic and culture system and elimination of diversity and autonomy. The introduction of cash to a system assumes an improvement in development. Hence, the more finances a country possesses, the more developed it is. This defines the economic growth of the country while disregarding the ethical practices of acquiring the money. The money is used to fund high resource-consuming projects neglecting projects that can actually assist people. Moreover, such a notion eliminates self-reliance and contentment. Development is also attributed to environmental degradation due to the production of chemicals, such as chemical pesticides and fertilizers and energy intensive farming methods, for commercial gain. The negative attributes are because of the self-serving intere sts of industrialized countries and multinational enterprises who want to create a single and similar economic system. Furthermore, development is associated with tracing the paths of developed countries for underdeveloped nations to become developed. The influence to follow the developed countries is characterized by abstract low poverty and population rates and the reduction in environmental pollution. However, that concept is no more than a hoax since most developed nations consume essential industrial resources in a way that the resources cannot be replenished and enable the underdeveloped countries to develop. Development is, therefore, a term that characterized by the exploitation of resources of the underdeveloped countries by the developed to further themselves and ensure dependence of the underdeveloped countries. Despite the argument that poverty and overpopulation represent significant problems globally and that economic development is the viable solution, the truth is th at such problems are an attribute of conventional development. This is because of advocacy for urbanization, industrialization and negligence of agriculture and the bucolic economy, which has led to the creation for destitution on a grand scale. Hence, the notion of development has only created a biased system that disregards self-reliance and diversity and advocates for dominance and exploitation of underdeveloped countries, maintaining the same status quo for immeasurable time without alleviating the affected who are the majority of the world.

Spanish Verbs Meaning to Begin

Spanish Verbs Meaning to Begin Spanish has two everyday verbs that can be used for to begin or to start: empezar and comenzar. They usually can be used interchangeably. Although empezar is more common than comenzar, comenzar doesnt come across as conspicuously formal like its English cognate, commence. Both empezar and comenzar are conjugated irregularly. Correct Way to Use Empezar and Comenzar To say to begin to do something, you can use either of the verbs followed by the preposition a and an infinitive: El web empieza a generar dinero. The website is beginning to generate money. ¿A quà © hora empezà ³ a nevar? At what time did it begin to snow?Cuando llegamos a Quito, comenzaba a llover. When we arrived at Quito, it was beginning to rain.Uruguay comienza a estudiar la produccià ³n de energà ­a nuclear. Uruguay is beginning to study the production of nuclear energy.Empiezo a pensar por ti mismo. I am beginning to think just like you.La inflacià ³n va a empezar muy pronto a bajar. Inflation is going to begin to drop very soon. Each verb can stand by itself without an object: La lluvia empieza a caer ms y ms fuerte. The rain is beginning to fall harder and harder.El mitin comenzà ³ finalmente a las 10 de la noche. The meeting finally began at 10 p.m.Bueno, pues sà ­, empezamos con esto. Good, then, lets get started with it. (Literally, with this.)La boda comenzar a las 12:30 hora local. The wedding will begin at 12:30 local time. When either verb is followed by a gerund, it often has the meaning of to begin by or to start out: Empezà ³ estudiando en el taller del escultor famoso. She started out studying in the famous sculptors studio.Comencà © trabajando 10 horas por dà ­a como limpiadora de casa. I started out working 10 hours per day as a housecleaner.Empezamos corriendo juntos el primer kilà ³metro. We begin by running the first kilometer together. Although probably not as common as in English, the two verbs can also take direct objects to indicate what is getting started: Tiene muchos consejillos para comenzar un negocio. He has many tips for starting a business.La ciudad empezà ³ la reparacià ³n de la calles en abril. The city began the street repairs in April. Other Verbs for To Begin As just shown, you often can use the verbs to refer to beginning an activity with the activity as the object of the verb. But it is also common to use the verb emprender for that purpose. Emprender is especially common when referring to the beginning of travel. No quiere emprender la tarea sin ayuda. He doesnt want to do the task without help.Dentro de unos minutos emprendo el viaje. Within a few minutes I begin the trip.Emprendieron el reto de construir un proyecto conjunto. They began the challenge of building a project together.Emprendà ­ el vuelo en direccià ³n hacia donde el sol se pone. I began the flight in the direction of the sunset. The verb originarse often translates to begin when it is used to mean to originate: El problema se originaba cuando navegaba ciertas pginas web. The problem started when I was going to certain web pages.La crisis econà ³mica mundial se originà ³ en EEUU. The world economic crisis began in the U.S. Use of Verb Tense To Indicate Beginning Often, when speaking of events in the past, the preterite tense is used in preference to the imperfect to indicate that an activity began. A form of begin isnt necessarily used in translation, however. A common example is the verb conocer, which often means to know a person. The difference between Conocà ­a a Katrina and Conocà ­ a Katrina is roughly the difference between I knew Katrina and I began to know Katrina. Typically, the second sentence would be translated as I met Katrina. Other examples: Yo tenà ­a calor. (I was warm.) Tuve calor. (I began to be warm. I got warm.)Ella sabà ­a la verdad. (She knew the truth.) Supo la verdad. (She began knowing the truth. She found out the truth.) This concept is further explained in the lesson on using the past tense with certain verbs.

What is the cultural function of slasher films Essay

What is the cultural function of slasher films - Essay Example The societal issues tackled in slasher films can be quite varied indeed and the issues will project, criticize and open up for debate whatever it is that concerns society at the moment. Along this line, slasher films do serve a cultural purpose by expressing peoples fears and anxieties. Slasher films serve their cultural function of portraying the worst fears of the people such as those dealing with serial killers, sadistic murderers and incorrigible criminals. People go to theaters to see these films and expect some sort of poetic justice meted out to criminals that somehow vindicate the existence of slasher films. The graphic portrayal of the slaying, usually accomplished with a torture tool like a knife, chainsaw, hammer or whatever that will prolong death and impose the most agony and pain to the victims are intended to satiate the audience cravings for the macabre, the violent, the suspense and to show the mentality of the psychopathic killer and the mindsets of the victims as shown on these films. Slasher films in a way allow people to question social norms and their own personal values as they see it. The previous paragraphs introduced the rationale of why slasher films serve an aim in todays culture. A lot of people question why such â€Å"shallow† films are patronized by these moviegoers when there is already a hackneyed plot or storyline in these films, predictable to a degree but still people go and see them when they almost instinctively knew already what will happen in the film. The answer is that these â€Å"mad slasher† films are in the category of the so-called exploitation films which are considered money-makers despite having a poor storyline. People want to be entertained and movie producers latched unto these genre of films because they are proven to make them money at the box office as these are low-budget films. It it not a surprising development

Research Questions & Hypotheses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Questions & Hypotheses - Essay Example The campus and its supporters are very proud of the sports programs. The most popular sports are mens football and womens softball. Although the football team boasts of winning seasons year after year, it is by no means a powerhouse. The softball team, though, is consistently conference champions and once won the national championship. Therefore, the popularity of sports has been a solid marketing feature of the university along with its well-respected academic programs. Even with all this popularity, all parties agree it is important to grow the campus to maintain its reputation and compete with peer institutions. The new strategic plan at Foothills University reports a need to increase student enrollments by 15% over the next five years. As part of this initiative, three new academic programs are to be implemented, although the subject matter is open to study. Most of the universitys academic programs are at the bachelors level with 6,000 students and a few masters programs with 1,500 students. The executives and board of trustees thought about adding doctoral programs, but are concerned about the potential effects on the universitys liberal arts mission as well as the impact to finances. The Vice President for Academic Affairs has been tasked by the president to oversee the process. Not wanting to make rash decisions about where to increase enrollments and what type of programs to implement, the VP convened a task force to research the issues. He expects the task force to conduct formal, empirical research to study the issues. It has been unanimously agreed that the crux of economic development and poverty alleviation lie in the education. That’s the reason that colleges and universities are deemed not only an engine to socio-economic development but also recognized as invaluable economic assets. Findings suggest that socioeconomic factors and academic factors are not all that separated; they work in tandem. The academically and

Strategies for Public Speaking

Strategies for Public Speaking Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Body-I Body-II Body-III Conclusion Bibliography Introduction The theme of Public speaking is the process intended for speaking, or communicating a lecture to a group of people in deliberate, structured manner in order to influence or entertain an audience. Public speaking is commonly taken as having a face to face verbal communication between the individuals or an audience. It is closely allied to presenting, although the latter is more often associated with commercial activity. Most of the time, public speaking is to persuade the audience. Public speaking is closely associated with presenting however presenting is more sort of a commercial activity. Public speaking mostly involves persuading the audience. Public speaking has three main purposes which involves mainly to persuade, secondly to inform, and thirdly, to entertain. These purposes can be achieved either individually, as a combination of 2 or collectively. (Zakahi, 1988) To convince an audience involves leading someone to believe something be it whether it is a diet choice, voting interest or one side of a hot-button topic such as immigration or abortion. In public speaking, having the audience centered at the topic of speech is the initial goal as it implies the speechs information was gathered and delivered effectively, and it also makes way for the third goal which is persuading the audience. The second purpose includes to provide the potential audience with a certain information be it for mutual understanding, sharing knowledge, answering queries such as who, what, when, where, how and by what means. The success of the speakers attempt to inform can be measured by how well the audience understands, retains and applies the ideas of the topic to their own lives. The purpose of persuasive public speeches is to persuade the audience to either adopt a specific thought or take a particular course of action that is provided by the public speaker. A speech delivered to a group of likely prospects may comprise the purpose to persuade them to set an appointment with the local Navy recruiter by motivating them that they really do have what it takes to be a Navy officer and they can be successful. (Lewis, 2010) Body-I A specific format is followed to deliver a speech which includes introduction, main part, conclusion, uttering the words perfectly. Not to forget that speech should span over a specific period of time so that not to create boredom in the atmosphere. Points considered to deliver a good speech include: Beforehand: rehearsal. Connect with your audience [body language: eye contact, good postures, etc.] Be yourself [not talk or read fast, Do not panic, Do not be dull and boring, Do not forget to breath, have normal pitch voice i.e. not too high neither not too low but just a sound and hearable volume.]. These acts perform as a frame of reference for the public speaking. One important step is that you ideally address important people who will be there and acknowledge guests. E.g. Good Evening, Principle Smith, teachers, parents and guests, welcome you to (event) etc (Make sure you tell them who you are). Also be open for questions and develop good listening skills. This initial start gives a projection of a good speech. Body-II Delivering a speech can take several different forms and does not necessarily has to be a face to face conversation however it does helps to communicate the message more efficiently and effectively and is an important element of non verbal communication. It counts in the body posture, gestures and most importantly the eye contact which helps to put the message across as a supporting material as well as a paralanguage for a good conversational style. Hence it can be a political speech delivered though a telephone to a large audience or maybe a video conferencing through an internet connection e.g. including Skype conversations or it can also be through a visual aid such as through a television channel delivering to a large audience. Body-III Many people have a phobia of public speaking. Jerry Seinfeld put it this way: According to numerous studies, peoples most common fear is public speaking. Then comes death. This means to the average person i.e. if you go to a funeral, you are better off in the casket than doing the eulogy. One way to overcome these fears is with preparation and practice. Public speaking is a self-esteem booster. Overcoming the fears and public speaking anxiety that go along with public speaking is empowering. Moreover, connecting with the audiences can be a great opportunity to remind you that you have valuable insights and opinions to share with the world. One form of this speech is extemporaneous speech as it is considered most informative and you make the speech after you have gathered all the facts and have done your research on the topic. (Rennels, 2006) It can be very fulfilling to share something that matters to you with people not in your usual social circle. The process of writing a speech will not only exercise but also strengthen your critical thinking skills, ranging from the research to the actual speech-drafting. Preparing a speech will enable you to reevaluate the way you communicate and as well as re-examine your speaking habits. When you write a speech, you have to think carefully about the language to communicate your message to the audience, best organization framework, and persuasive strategy. This type of thinking will help you improve your communication skills in other areas of your life. Public speaking engagements are great places to meet other people who share your interests and this increases your social circuit. (Jaffe, 2007) Conclusion Public speaking is the process intended for speaking, or communicating a lecture to a group of people in deliberate, structured manner in order to influence or entertain an audience. It is commonly taken as a face to face conversation however it can take many different forms as well such as a telephonic speech or a virtual speech such as a speech delivered through a television. Public speaking has three main purposes which involves mainly persuasion, secondly to inform, and thirdly, to entertain. These purposes can be achieved either individually, as a combination of 2 or collectively. It has several benefits which include Overcoming fears, boosting self esteem, Sharing your views with others, improve critical thinking skills, analyze communication habits, improve communication skills, make social connections, impress your boss, gain publicity, expand your social network, personalizing your professional reputation and find the right words to impress change. A specific format is follo wed to deliver a speech which includes introduction, main part, conclusion, uttering the words perfectly. Bibliography Jaffe, C. (2007). Public Speaking: Concepts and Skills for a Diverse Society. Lewis, M. (2010). Podium Dreams. Forbes.com . Rennels, M. (2006, September 4). What Are the Three Main Goals of Public Speaking? Speaking and Speeches; Why is public speaking important . Zakahi, W. (1988). Communication Education. West Virginia: Speech Communication Press .

Anatomy Quiz Unit 3

1. Match the following chemical terms with their definition: (Points : 15) Answer | | Potential Matches: | : Proton| | 1 : Molecule that dissociates in water to form individual ions, ionic compound |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Neutron| | 2 : Chemical systems that absorb excess acids or bases maintaining a relatively stable pH |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Atomic mass| | 3 : Has lost electrons; indicated by a positive sign, as in Na+ |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Element| | 4 : Non-charged particle in nucleus |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Molecule| | 5 : When acids and bases mix and form salts |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Compound| | 6 : Alkaline | Water molecules| | 7 : Positively charged particle in nucleus |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Base| | 8 : Substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Acid| | 9 : Double sugar made up of two monosaccharide units |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Neutralization| | 10 : Function is to store energy for later use M. |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Buffers| | 11 : A group of atoms bound together in a group |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Disaccharide| | 12 : Opposite of base | : Carbohydrates| | 13 : Number of protons in the nucleus; determines the type of atom |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Electrolyte| | 14 : Dissociate to form equal amounts of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Positive ion | 15 : A pure substance, made up of only one kind of atom | | 2. Microscopic View of Skin. Type the number in the empty box that corresponds with the appropriate letter in the diagram. (Points : 15) Answer | | Potential Matches: | : Epidermis| | 1 : k | : dermis| | 2 : h | : subcutaneous fatty tissue| | 3 : g | : hypodermis| | 4 : e | : sweat gland| | 5 : r | : arrector pili muscle| | 6 : n | : Pacinian corpuscle| | 7 : l | : cutaneous nerve| | 8 : c | : papilla of hair| | 9 : b | : hair follicle| | 10 : p | : sebaceous| | 11 : j | : oil gland| | 12 : d | : Meissner's corpuscle| | 13 : a | : dermal papilla| | 14 : i | stratum germinativum| | 15 : m | : stratum corneum| | 16 : o | : hair shaft| | 17 : f | : openings of sweat glands| | 18 : q | | 3. General Characteristics of a Cell. Type the number in the empty box that corresponds with the appropriate letter in the diagram. (Points : 15) Answer | | Potential Matches: | : centrioles| | 1 : a | : flagellum| | 2 : n | : free ribosomes| | 3 : e | : mitochondrion| | 4 : h | : nuclear envelope;| | 5 : c | : nucleus| | 6 : j | : nucleolus| | 7 : l | : ribosomes| | 8 : o | : cilia| | 9 : f | : smooth endoplasmic reticulum| | 10 : k | : rough endoplasmic reticulum| | 11 : m | : plasma membrane| | 12 : i | lysosome| | 13 : d | : cytoplasm| | 14 : b | : golgi apparatus| | 15 : g | | 4. Type the number in the empty box that corresponds with the appropriate term for the statements(s) listed below. (Points : 5) Answer | | Potential Matches: | : Which glands secrete oil, or sebum, for hair and skin? | | 1 : Epidermis |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : These glands work throughout the body, helping to regulate body heat. | | 2 : Sebaceo us glands |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Hair growth requires epidermal, tubelike structure called _____. | | 3 : Hair follicles |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : The outermost and thinnest primary layer of skin is _____. | | 4 : Eccrine sweat glands | | |